![]() The time- and temperature-dependent changes in the rheological properties of the root canal sealers were also investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities measured using the simple press method and the viscosities of four root canal sealers (AH Plus, Capseal, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. ![]() 23 Previous studies of Capseal showed that this new root canal sealer has good sealing ability 24 and superior biocompatibility 25 and that it promotes hard tissue formation. However, no other study has investigated the changes in the rheological properties of root canal sealers that have been heated to 200â â.Ĭapseal is a newly developed root canal sealer that is composed mainly of calcium phosphate and calcium silicate. 19 In modern endodontic treatments, the continuous wave of condensation technique is widely used, in which gutta percha and the root canal sealer are exposed to a temperature of â¼200â â. The rheological properties of root canal sealers also change with increasing temperature. ![]() 21 Not all root canal sealers undergo identical patterns of change because each is affected by a different setting process (development of chemical crosslinks between the polymer chains). The rheological properties of root canal sealers change with time because all root canal sealers undergo a setting reaction. ![]() However, few studies have investigated the rheological properties of root canal sealers using a strain-controlled rheometer. In contrast, a strain-controlled rheometer provides information regarding the rheological properties of root canal sealers as a function of time and temperature. 20 Although this method is simple and economical, 18 the information obtained is limited in that this method can determine only the compressed sealer diameter. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 The majority of previous studies measuring the flowabilities of root canal sealers 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 used the simple press method that is specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876. However, few studies have examined the viscosity of root canal sealers. In this regard, a precise investigation of the flowabilities of root canal sealers is important for evaluating their clinical performance. 5 An ideal root canal sealer should have good biocompatibility, 6 antibacterial activity, 7 good sealing ability 4 and adequate flowability, 8, 9 which is clinically important to allow deep penetration of the narrow and complex anatomical spaces in root canal systems. 4 Moreover, the area that cannot be reached by gutta percha can be penetrated and sealed with a root canal sealer. 1, 2, 3 An adequate seal of the root canal system cannot be achieved without a root canal sealer because gutta percha cannot bond to the dentinal walls. The fluid- and bacteria-tight seal of a thoroughly cleaned and shaped root canal system is fundamental for endodontic treatment. The viscosities measured using the strain-controlled rheometer were more precise than the flowabilities measured using the simple press method, suggesting that the rheometer can accurately measure the rheological properties of root canal sealers. All of the tested root canal sealers showed characteristic time- and temperature-dependent changes in their rheological properties. The viscosity of Pulp Canal Sealer EWT was the lowest and increased in the following order: AH Plus<0.05). The flow diameters and the viscosities of the root canal sealers were strongly negatively correlated ( Ï=â0.8618). The correlation between these two values was statistically analysed using Spearman's correlation test. The flowabilities of the four root canal sealers were measured using the simple press method ( n=5) and their viscosities were measured using a strain-controlled rheometer ( n=5). A newly developed, calcium phosphate-based root canal sealer (Capseal) and three commercial root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex and Pulp Canal Sealer EWT) were used in this study. ![]() The purpose of this study was to compare the flowabilities of four root canal sealers, measured using the simple press method (ISO 6876), and their viscosities, measured using a strain-controlled rheometer. The flowability of a root canal sealer is clinically important because it improves the penetration of the sealer into the complex root canal system. ![]()
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